
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X20. Additional results: segmented clientelistic countries only.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A64)</td><td>Min. (model A65)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A66)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A67)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-1.066<sup>†</sup></td><td>-1.770<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.632</td><td>-0.502</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.555)</td><td>(0.604)</td><td>(0.746)</td><td>(0.752)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2.535<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.619)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td>-0.828<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.255</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.333)</td><td>(0.475)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.039</td><td>-0.882<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.443)</td><td>(0.487)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.073</td><td>0.139</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.492)</td><td>(0.459)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>-0.658</td><td>1.981</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.110)</td><td>(1.505)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.165</td><td>0.339</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.885)</td><td>(1.844)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.497</td><td>-0.538</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.846)</td><td>(0.821)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>-0.484</td><td>2.511<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.532)</td><td>(1.045)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.545</td><td>1.465</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.111)</td><td>(1.188)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.836<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.791<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.348)</td><td>(0.362)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.368</td><td>0.414</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.308)</td><td>(0.312)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.280<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.274<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.236<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.244<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.072)</td><td>(0.113)</td><td>(0.118)</td><td>(0.114)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.069</td><td>0.019</td><td>0.426<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.407<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.079)</td><td>(0.136)</td><td>(0.177)</td><td>(0.173)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.0005</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.471</td><td>0.497<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.902</td><td>0.865</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.572)</td><td>(0.296)</td><td>(0.553)</td><td>(0.549)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.057</td><td>0.313<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.070</td><td>-0.078</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.160)</td><td>(0.180)</td><td>(0.247)</td><td>(0.237)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.158</td><td>-0.013</td><td>-0.184</td><td>-0.167</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.115)</td><td>(0.134)</td><td>(0.113)</td><td>(0.115)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.373<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.726<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.400</td><td>-0.365</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.211)</td><td>(0.225)</td><td>(0.310)</td><td>(0.302)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.274<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.076</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.190</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.145)</td><td>(0.138)</td><td>(0.227)</td><td>(0.238)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>-0.712</td><td>-1.893<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.445</td><td>-0.412</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.753)</td><td>(0.832)</td><td>(0.560)</td><td>(0.587)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>-1.421</td><td>-0.296</td><td>-0.915</td><td>-0.907</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.983)</td><td>(1.387)</td><td>(1.213)</td><td>(1.190)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.833<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.348</td><td>0.086</td><td>0.119</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.313)</td><td>(0.302)</td><td>(0.247)</td><td>(0.243)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.566<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.490<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.136)</td><td>(0.141)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.034<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.023</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.014)</td><td>(0.014)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.0003</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0004)</td><td>(0.0004)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.647<sup>**</sup></td><td>1.236<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.230)</td><td>(0.495)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.206<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.195<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.071)</td><td>(0.073)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.011</td><td>0.010</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.011)</td><td>(0.011)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0003</td><td>-0.0002</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>1.012<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.964<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.384)</td><td>(0.390)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>3.206<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.647</td><td>-5.977<sup>†</sup></td><td>-5.860<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.856)</td><td>(1.804)</td><td>(3.359)</td><td>(3.298)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>15,826</td><td>87,771</td><td>125,134</td><td>125,134</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-802.581</td><td>-1,204.320</td><td>-1,342.596</td><td>-1,327.918</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>1,711.161</td><td>2,516.640</td><td>2,801.191</td><td>2,773.837</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
